Hand X-Ray PA

Upper Limb Posteroanterior STD
Objective

Phalanges, metacarpals and joints.

Positioning

Patient seated.
Hand pronated, palm in contact with the detector.
Fingers extended and slightly separated.
Central ray: perpendicular to the IR.

Centering

Metacarpophalangeal joints

DR Parameters

50–60 kV · 3–5 mAs
SID ~100–115 cm · no grid

CR Parameters

50–60 kV · 5–8 mAs · SID ~100–115 cm

Quality criteria

Complete visualisation of phalanges and metacarpals.
Fingers extended and separated.
No rotation.

Common errors

Overlapping fingers.
Hand rotation.
Movement.

Practical notes

Check for rings or bracelets.